What is autism and by what symptoms can it be identified? World Autism Awareness Day 2024

World Autism Awareness Day is celebrated every year on 2 April to make people aware of autism. Autism is a neurological disorder that is usually diagnosed at the age of 2-3 years. Due to a lack of information among people about this disorder, the lives of people suffering from it become more difficult. Know what is autism and its symptoms.

What is Autism?

According to my.clevelandclinic.org, autism is a neurological disorder that occurs due to changes in the brain of children. It is also called Autism Spectrum Disorder. The behavior, conversation, and learning style of children suffering from this is different from other children. It cannot be cured, so this disorder remains lifelong., autism is a neurological disorder that occurs due to changes in the brain of children. It is also called Autism Spectrum Disorder. The behavior, conversation, and learning styles of children suffering from this are different from other children. It cannot be cured, so this disorder remains lifelong.

Children who have autism may have problems with social activities and conversation. Usually, this disorder is detected in childhood itself at the age of 2-3 years, but sometimes it may take time to detect. Because doctors take the help of behavioral tests to detect it, it may take time to detect it. There is no other way to find out. According to the World Health Organization, 1 in every 100 children worldwide has autism.

Children suffering from autism may have difficulty interacting with people. They may find it difficult to understand the body language of the other person, due to which they have difficulty understanding what the other person is saying. In addition, delayed development of language skills, inability to form relationships with people, repeating the same action over and over again, not liking change, or performing tasks that require excessive engagement of their sense organs, may include: Many symptoms like disliking can be seen in children suffering from autism.

Why does autism happen?

No specific cause of autism has been found, but genetic and environmental factors may be involved.

What are its symptoms?

• Repeating the same action over and over again, such as moving while sitting, waving hands, repeating the same word over and over again
• Sense organs becoming more sensitive, such as being disturbed or irritated by loud noises
• Not looking at people or making eye contact while talking to them
• Ignoring what people say
• dislike physical touch
• speaking in a robotic or flat voice
• interest in specific things

Not being able to understand what people say or having trouble understanding their gestures.

Treatment Of Autism

Behavioral Therapies:

• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA): A structured approach that focuses on improving specific behaviors, communication, and social skills.
• Early Start Denver Model (ESDM): A play-based intervention for young children with ASD.
• Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT): Targets pivotal areas like motivation, self-initiation, and responsiveness.
• Social Skills Training: Helps individuals learn appropriate social interactions.

Speech-Language Therapy:

• Aims to improve communication skills, including speech, language, and nonverbal communication.

Occupational Therapy (OT):

• Focuses on enhancing daily living skills, fine motor skills, and sensory processing.

Physical Therapy (PT):

• Helps with gross motor skills, coordination, and physical development.

Medications:

• Some medications may be prescribed to manage specific symptoms or associated conditions (e.g., anxiety, hyperactivity).

Nutritional Therapy:

• Although not a primary treatment, a balanced diet and addressing any nutritional deficiencies can support overall health.

Individualized Treatment Plans:

• These plans may include a combination of therapies, school support programs, and community resources tailored to the individual’s needs.

Remember that each person with ASD is unique, and treatment approaches should be personalized

Prevalence in India of Autism 

In India, the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has seen a significant rise. Here are some key statistics:

Recent Estimates:

• Approximately 18 million people in India are affected by autism
• Among children below the age of 10, 1 in 100 is diagnosed with autism

Factors Contributing to the Rise:

• Low Awareness: Lack of awareness about autism contributes to delayed diagnosis and intervention.
• Limited Services: Basic services for autism are often lacking or insufficient.
• Diagnostic Challenges: Overlapping symptoms with other conditions make accurate diagnosis complex.
• Stigma: Stigma surrounding autism can hinder acceptance and support.

Geographical Variation:

Autism rates vary across regions in India:

• North Goa: Approximately 0.4% prevalence.
• Palwal (Rural Area): Prevalence as high as 1.8%

Urgent Need:

The increasing prevalence calls for better diagnostic tools, personalized care, and management strategies. Raising awareness can help overcome stigma and improve the lives of individuals with autism. Understanding and addressing autism is crucial for providing support and improving the quality of life for affected individuals and their families. 🌟🧩

History of World Autism Awareness Day 2024

The history of World Autism Awareness Day dates back to 2008, when the United Nations General Assembly unanimously declared April 2 as World Autism Awareness Day. This significant day was established in recognition of the need for improved quality of life for those with autism:

The UN’s resolution aimed to:

• Raise public awareness about autism.
• Empower and accept individuals with autism.
• Recognize their valuable contribution to society.

Autism cases are rising globally, and more children are being diagnosed and receiving therapy and treatment than ever before. While increased awareness plays a role, other factors like air pollution, low birth weight, and stress may also contribute to the increase. Autistic spectrum disorder manifests in various ways, including difficulty with communication, social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.

This year’s 2024 theme for World Autism Awareness Day is “Empowering Autistic Voices”. It aims to provide more support and power to individuals with autism, ensuring they lead meaningful lives and pursue successful careers. Let us continue to work towards understanding, acceptance, and inclusion for all.

References

 1.economictimes.indiatimes.com

2. my.clevelandclinic.org

3.jagran.com

4. Many more